ALLSPICE [PIMENTO]
Allspice trees are evergreen medium sized, grow up to a height of 8 to 10 meters and with a slender upright trunk and smooth greyish bark. The mail trees produce only few fruits. The male and female trees are similar in appearance and cannot be identified till flowering commences.
Origin and Distribution The tree is indigenous to West Indies (Jamaica) but is also found in Central America. Attempts to introduce into countries in tropical regions didn’t succeed fully. In India, there are few trees in Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala. The dried berries range in size (6.5 to 9.5 mm in diameter) and there are 13 to 14 berries per gram. The quality of pimento is affected by factors like growing area, stage of maturity of berries at harvest and storage conditions.
Uses The major use of allspice is in food industry (65 to 70%) in domestic use (5% to 10%), production of berry oil (20% to 25%), extraction of oleoresin (1% to 2%) and pharmaceutical and perfume industry. Berry, berry oil, oleoresin, leaf oil are products of economic use. It is used mostly in Western cooking and less suitable for Eastern cooking. It has medicinal, anti-microbial, insecticidal, nematicidal, anti-oxidant and deodorant properties.
Allspice trees are evergreen medium sized, grow up to a height of 8 to 10 meters and with a slender upright trunk and smooth greyish bark. The mail trees produce only few fruits. The male and female trees are similar in appearance and cannot be identified till flowering commences.
Origin and Distribution The tree is indigenous to West Indies (Jamaica) but is also found in Central America. Attempts to introduce into countries in tropical regions didn’t succeed fully. In India, there are few trees in Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala. The dried berries range in size (6.5 to 9.5 mm in diameter) and there are 13 to 14 berries per gram. The quality of pimento is affected by factors like growing area, stage of maturity of berries at harvest and storage conditions.
Uses The major use of allspice is in food industry (65 to 70%) in domestic use (5% to 10%), production of berry oil (20% to 25%), extraction of oleoresin (1% to 2%) and pharmaceutical and perfume industry. Berry, berry oil, oleoresin, leaf oil are products of economic use. It is used mostly in Western cooking and less suitable for Eastern cooking. It has medicinal, anti-microbial, insecticidal, nematicidal, anti-oxidant and deodorant properties.
| Botanical name | Family name | Commercial part |
| Pimenta dioica | Myrtaceae |
Fruit & Seed
|
| Indian names | |
| Kannada | : Gandamenasu |
| Malayalam | : Sarvasugandhi |
| Tamil | : Sarvasukanthi |
| Foreign Name of Spices | |
| Arabic | : Bahar, Bhar hub wa na�im� |
| Danish | : Allehande |
| Dutch | : Jamaica pepper, piment |
| English | : Jamaica pepper, myrtle pepper, pimento, newspice |
| Estonian | : Harilik pimwnsipuu, Vurts |
| Finnish | : Maustepippuri |
| French | : Piment. Piment Jamaique, Poivre aromatique, toute-epice, poivre de la Jamaique |
| German | : Piment Neugewurz, Allgewurz, Nelkenpeffer, Jamaicapfeffer, Englisches Gewurz |
| Hungarian | : Jamaikai szegfubors, Szegfubors, Pimento, Amomummag |
| Icelandic | : Allrahanda |
| Italian | : Pimento, pepe di Giamaica |
| Norwegian | : Allehande |
| Polish | : Ziele angielskie |
| Portuguese | : Pimenta da Jamaica |
| Russian | : Yamaiskiy pjerets |
| Spanish | : Pimienta de Jamaica, Pimienta gorda |
| Swedish | : Kryddpeppar |
| Turkish | : Yeni bahar |
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